K-BioS 2023 Abstracts

Area 1 - Kinesiology in Sport and Medicine: from Biomechanics to Sociodynamics
Full Papers Short Papers

Area 1 - Kinesiology in Sport and Medicine: from Biomechanics to Sociodynamics

Full Papers
Paper Nr: 8
Title:

Differences and Relations Between Chrono-Biological and Motor-Functional Characteristics of Infants
Authors:

Jelena Marunica Karšaj and Igor Gruić
Abstract: Differences and relationships between chrono-biological (body weight-BW, body length-BL, gestational age-GA) and motor-functional characteristics (e.g., muscle tone) of infants with relation to different obstetric mode of delivery and jaundice were analysed. The assessment of muscle tone is an integral part of neuromotor evaluation. The study included 179 infants of both genders (AS±SD: age 158,36±110,91 days; BW 3267,78±708,69 grams; and BL of 49,33±3,09 cm) due to muscle tone disorders with the presence of mild and moderate neurodevelopmental disorders as a sequelae of immature brain impairment. Study revealed statistically significant differences in chrono-biological variables depending upon the different obstetric mode of delivery (BW, BL, and GA), as well upon neonatal jaundice (BW, BL, and possibly GA). Also, there is a statistically significant correlation among chrono-biological variables (BW, BL, GA: 0,62-0,88). When compared to infant’s age at first physiatrist examination (AFE), individually and combined with GA, correlations imply importance of further inter-parametrial insights – in this case with relation to muscle tone classified in 4 groups (normal-, hypo-, hyper-, and changing-). Findings confirm statistically significant differences between infants differently categorized by muscle tone and infant’s AFE- among hypertonic and hypotonic infants as well among hypertonic and alternating ones respectively. Although there are no correlations between the AFE with BW, BL (with GA they are very little correlated – 0,19), there is an indication that the existing categorization by tone demands more frequent or earlier 'screening' - embedded into existing communication for a balanced development overall
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Nr: 61
Title:

A Study of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Older People of Different Disease States
Authors:

Liu Yudi, Chen Huimeng, Na Jia and Zhou Cailiang
Abstract: This study aims to examine the characteristics of physical activity in elderly individuals across various disease states, and the relationship between physical activity among elderly individuals with different disease statuses and their quality of life. Data from 105 elderly individuals aged 60 and above were obtained from three communities in Beijing, China. The Physical Activities for Elderly (PASE) questionnaire was employed to assess the physical activity levels of the participants, categorizing leisure-time and household activities into three intensity levels: low, moderate, and high. The Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was utilized to measure quality of life. The eight dimensions were ultimately condensed into two composite measures: the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS). In elderly individuals with different disease states, the duration of moderate to high-intensity leisure-time physical activity varies, resulting in differences in their mental health. Among elderly individuals with chronic diseases, higher levels of both leisure-time and household physical activity are associated with improved physical health. The higher the participation in moderate to high-intensity household physical activities, the better their physical health. The negative correlation between low-intensity household physical activity and the mental health of elderly individuals with chronic diseases warrants further investigation through larger sample sizes and longitudinal studies. When prescribing exercise regimens for elderly individuals with chronic illnesses, particular attention should be given to their total leisure-time physical activity and moderate to high-intensity household physical activities.
Short Papers
Paper Nr: 5
Title:

Observation as a Tool for Gait Assessment: Eye, Camera, Vision and Viewing
Authors:

Dalibor Kiseljak and Igor Gruić
Abstract: The aim of this research was to analyse observation skills through the assessment of human gait. The hypothesis was that the observation of human gait, in the way experienced practitioners do, would not provide sufficient results among novice students. The study was conducted retrospectively using the data collected during Clinical Kinesiology course, in the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021 via on-line seminars. A total of 190 first-year bachelor level physiotherapy students (120 female and 70 male) participated in the study (90 full-time and 100 part-time). Within formulated protocol (i.e., defining the gait cycle and its eight phases), each student made a video recording of a normal walk, in the sagittal plane, according to the left-to-right convention. In the second and third timepoints, everyone watched a recording of one subject, made in laboratory. Best average result was in the evaluation of the change between the fifth (pre-swing) and the sixth (initial swing) phases in the knee (x̄ = 88.24%), and the best absolute result (100% correct) was achieved in the 2nd and 3rd measurement point, between the second (loading response) and third (mid stance) phase in the hip (average result of all timepoints for that change x̄ = 82.45%). The worst absolute result (10%) occurred: 1) in the change between the first (initial contact) and second (loading response) phases in the hip, and 2) in the change between the third (mid stance) and fourth (terminal stance) phases in the ankle, both in the 2nd measurement point. Students generally did not accurately assess the human gait (from the initial 43.96%, through 61.95%, to the final 62.45% distribution of correct answers), in the observational way that experienced experts do in their clinical practice, due to observational obstacles – perceptive and cognitive. Technology-free approaches are commonly used in clinical practice due to their simplicity and affordability. However, these are subjective methods, and the gap should be bridged with an objective assessment approach, e.g., video-based, or computerized 2D/3D motion analysis.
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Nr: 6
Title:

Correlation Between Muscle Tone Disorders and the Age at the First Examination in Pediatric Physiatrist Outpatient Settings
Authors:

Jelena Marunica Karšaj and Igor Gruić
Abstract: Introduction: The assessment of muscle tone is an integral part of the routine neuromotor evaluation of infants. It is generally known that many infants show one or two signs of atypical neuromotor performance, but only an aggregation of multiple signs of atypical neuromotor performance is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorder. We addressed the muscle tone disorders in infants and described their functional characteristics as follows: lowered (hypotonia), increased (hypertonia), changing muscle tone, and normal of a central etiology that happens to emerge antenatally, intrapartum, or postnatally. Muscle tone disorders are often represented in the so-called “risky children” (children who were exposed to one or more risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders in their medical history), and those can be an implication of a primary disorder of the central nervous system in terms of a prior brain lesion. Aim: To investigate if there is a difference in the age at the first infants' examination in pediatric physiatrist outpatient settings due to muscle tone disorders categorization. Methods: The study enrolled 179 infants of both genders assessed by a pediatric physiatrist in outpatient settings upon first examination (AS±SD: age 158,36±110,91 days; weight 3267,78±708,69 g; and length of 49,33±3,09 cm) due to muscle tone disorders with the presence of mild and moderate neurodevelopmental disorder as sequelae of immature brain impairment. Conducting this case study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center in February 2022 identified by code number 003/-06/22-03/003. Written informed consent was obtained from parents whose infants participated in this case study. Results: Infants diagnosed with increased muscle tone appear to be earlier referred from primary care to a pediatric physiatrist examination (AS±SD:115,68±51,86 days, compared to average total AS±SD:158,36±110,91 days). The main findings confirm statistically significant differences between infants differently categorized by muscle tone and infant’s age at the first examination (AFE) - among those with hypertonia and those with hypotonia (AFE: p=0,00; GA+ AFE: p<0,01) as well among hypertonia and changing muscle tone respectively (AFE: p=0,00; GA+ AFE: p<0,01). Conclusion: According to the average AFE (Mean±SD:158,36±110,91 for the whole sample, Mean±SD:151,34±127,59 for normal muscle tone) within hypertone infants a deviation is presented (Mean±SD: 115,67±51,86), which cumulatively with gestational age (Mean±SD:387,275±55,38) presents valid information to be furtherly analyzed. Muscle tone disorders in terms of hypotonia, hypertonia, and changing muscle tone are considered to be symptomatic risk and it stands in need of proper and prompt habilitation treatment, even though spontaneous normalization is often achievable.
Nr: 60
Title:

COM-COP Calculations Based on Outputs from Random Opto-Electric and Capacitive Sensors Setup
Authors:

Igor Gruic
Abstract: Introduction ‘Gold standard’ of opto-electric setup of sensors registering position of retroreflective markers still offer referent basis for standardisation and validation of different video and sensors setups in 2D and 3D analyses of human locomotion. However, new widely implemented solutions, especially in gaming industry (e.g.Kinect), automotive industry (e.g.LIDAR) and likewise, have SDK and software solutions to produce big sheets of data assessable with standard statistical, mathematical and lately more popular AI (artificial inteligence) methodology for transformation into user friendly outputs. Similar trend occurred in developments of plantar pressure measurements, especially after international Consensus (Giacommozzi et al,, 2010) on characteristics of instrumentation, measuring protocols and relevance of chosen parameters followed by appropriate analysis methodology. However, integration of different instrumentation and technological solutions through direct inverse dynamic solution is in decline, for many reasons. Main objective of this contribution is to analyse initial frame for Centre Of gross body Mass (COM) calculations from Kinect-based kinematics and standard anthropo-morphological constants (Zatsiorsky et al., 1990, modified by de Leva 1996) for segmental body mass approximations. First objective is complementary related to Centre Of Pressure (COP) calculations proposed via integration of COM cartesian position and plantar pressure dynamics registered by standard capacitive sensors. Methods Kinect protocol and pedobarographic gait measurement protocol were performed. Zatsiorsky et al. and de Leva constants were applied for calculation of dynamic COM positions(x,y,z). After pedobarograph data transformations and analyses, ‘foot segmentation’ was performed (Zhang, L. et al, 2022) Results After a series of data transformations, and compressions supported with tailored coded sequences of integrations of cartesian joints positions, followed by applied morpho-determinants for calculations of approximated masses of body segments, stabile data processing procedure was produced in .xcell format. Integration with pedobarographic data was performed after determination of gait line, foot pressure line and clinicians’ analyses. Output of optoelectric and capacitive sensors setup was congruent. Discussion and Conclusions Future COM-COP analyses within different integration standards must undely procedures of standardisation and validation – not just with statistical reliability, objectivity, homogeneity, sensitivity etc. as the main output, but for less or more obligatory means of recommendations and interventions in sensor and instrumentation production procedures.